The reasons for its absence remain unclear, but might be explained by one or more factors, including environmental variation, viral competition, and/or local adaptation-all of which should be explored in greater detail through continued surveillance of this region. Foamy viruses are ancient and ubiquitous retroviruses that infect a variety of mammalian hosts. ellioti, despite multiple opportunities for transmission. Overall this study demonstrates that SIVcpz infection is absent or very rare in P. The ecological niches of these two viruses are largely non-overlapping, although stronger statistical support for this conclusion will require more sampling. In addition, species distribution models suggest that environmental variation contributes to differences in the distribution and prevalence of SIVcpz and SFVcpz. ellioti fecal samples collected across the range of P. Chimpanzees in west central Africa (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) are endemically infected with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVcpzPtt) that have crossed the species barrier to humans and. The dataset includes previously published results on SIVcpz infection and SFVcpz as well as newly collected data, and represents over 1000 chimpanzee fecal samples from 41 locations across Cameroon. Finally, we compared the prevalence and distribution of SIVcpz with that of Simian Foamy Virus (SFV) to examine the role of ecology and behavior in shaping the distribution of diseases in wild host populations. Second, we investigated how environmental variation is associated with the spread and prevalence of SIVcpz in the two chimpanzee subspecies inhabiting Cameroon since environmental variation has been shown to contribute to their divergence from one another. First, we extended the sampling of SIVcpz across the range of chimpanzees north of the Sanaga River to address whether under-sampling might account for the absence of evidence for SIVcpz infection in P. ellioti has been minimal to date, particularly along the banks of the Sanaga River, where its range abuts that of P. verus, still occasionally exchange migrants making the absence of SIVcpz in P. However, all of the subspecies, except P. Molecular ecology and natural history of simian foamy virus infection in wild-living chimpanzees. t schweinfurthii may have acquired SIVcpz after their divergence from P. One explanation for this pattern is that P. ellioti inhabiting Nigeria and western Cameroon. Simian foamy virus Pan troglodytes troglodytes (Retroviridae: Simiispumavirus SFVptr) was identified at TCRC, and simian foamy virus Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii (SFVpsc) was identified at NICS. verus from West Africa and appears to be absent in P. schweinfurtii from East Africa (SIVcpz Pts), but is absent in P. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) naturally infects two subspecies of chimpanzee: Pan troglodytes troglodytes from Central Africa (SIVcpz Ptt) and P.
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